Like humans, dogs have a natural defense against foreign invaders called the immune system. The immune system works to identify potentially harmful “intruders” in the body and fights them off.
If the immune system is not working effectively, though, then the body is unable to fight off illnesses. This is called an immune deficiency.
Considering our pets’ eager, inhibited exploration of the world around them and constant exposure to germs and substances, that immune system is absolutely crucial. So, what happens if Fido has an immune deficiency?
What Causes Immune Deficiency?
Immune deficiency can be separated into two categories: primary and secondary. Primary immune deficiencies are genetic or hereditary, while secondary immune deficiencies are caused by underlying health conditions.
Specific causes include:
- Bacterial or fungus
- Genetics
- Ear and eye conditions
- Immunoglobin deficiency
- Phagocytic deficiency
- Allergies
Some breeds are predisposed to immune deficiency disorders, while others may develop a weakened immune system in other ways.
Symptoms of Immune Deficiency
Symptoms of immune deficiency include:
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Weakness/decreased energy
- Appetite loss
- Skin issues
- Joint discomfort
- Anemia
You know your pooch best. If you notice any changes in his behavior or appearance, it’s never a bad idea to contact your vet.
Helping Address Immune Deficiency
After you contact your vet about your dog’s symptoms, they may perform bloodwork to assess the quality of your dog’s immune cells. They may also do genetic testing, especially if your dog’s breed is predisposed to immune deficiency disorders.
Unfortunately, there are currently no cures for genetic immune deficiency disorders. With that in mind, it’s especially important to minimize your dog’s risk of exposure to illness. Fortunately, there are still plenty of options available to help ease the symptoms, which may be prescribed by your vet.
There are also several simple ways to help support your dog’s immune system:
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Healthy diet. Your dog’s diet plays an essential role when it comes to immune health. A diet low on grains and starches and full of meat and vegetables will help support a healthy inflammatory response. Talk to your vet before making any significant dietary changes.
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Regular exercise. Daily walks and playtime boost immune health by burning fat, which can have a positive impact on inflammatory pathways which prevents serious problems. Sufficient exercise also improves your dog’s overall health by helping him maintain a healthy weight and even improve his mental health.
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Proper hygiene. Keeping your canine clean is a crucial factor in supporting his immune health. While the immune system does naturally fight off bacteria and germs, washing your dog on a regular basis is still important. If you keep your pup clean, the immune system is able to focus on the more threatening bacteria. If your dog is TOO clean, though, this can actually be counterproductive and weaken the immune system. Talk to your vet if you’re unsure about how to maintain a healthy hygiene balance.
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Reduce stress. Stress isn’t just a mental health issue. If your dog is frequently stressed, his immune system can be compromised, resulting in additional health ailments. Exercise is a good way to release pent-up energy, which can sometimes turn into stress. It’s also a good idea to keep as much of a routine as possible—dogs like to be able to predict what’s coming next, whether it’s a nap, meal, or playtime. Crate training can also be an effective long-term solution for soothing a stressed out pooch.
- Regular vet visits. Going to the vet isn’t an activity that’s limited to times when your furry friend is sick or injured. Regular check-ups give your vet a chance to check your dog’s immune system and any unnoticed health issues so you can start supporting any issues sooner rather than later.
