Keeping our pets healthy is essential to providing them with a full, happy life. To make sure this happens, it is important to be aware of possible health risks and diseases that can affect our furry friends. One such disease is canine impetigo.
This bacterial skin infection often causes sores on the body that may look like small scabs or blisters filled with yellow-colored pus. Knowing how to recognize it, treat it, and what preventative measures you can take are important pieces of information all pet owners should be aware of.
In this article, we will dive into understanding impetigo in dogs – covering its causes, symptoms, and treatment as well as preventive care advice.
What is Canine Impetigo?
Canine impetigo, also known as puppy pyoderma, is a contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in dogs. The condition is caused by the Staphylococcus bacteria and its different strains, which typically gain entry to the skin through tiny cuts, scrapes, or other injuries.
As the infection progresses, it can cause the formation of raised, blister-like lesions that are often filled with pus. These pus-filled bumps may occur anywhere on the dog's body, but they are most common on the face, paws, and other areas that are particularly susceptible to injury. Along with the physical symptoms, dogs with impetigo may also exhibit behavioral changes such as lethargy, decreased appetite, and general discomfort. If left untreated, the condition can lead to more severe secondary infections.
What Causes Canine Impetigo?
The most common cause of canine impetigo is coagulase-positive staphylococci. This type of bacteria naturally lives on the skin and in the noses of dogs but when the skin becomes damaged due to scratching or biting, or if a dog has a weakened immune system, these bacteria can enter the skin and cause an infection.
Another main contributing factor like we've mentioned is a weakened immune system, which can occur due to malnutrition, any underlying health conditions, or stress. Puppies are particularly vulnerable to impetigo due to their still-developing immune systems and have the tendency to engage in rough play that can cause skin abrasions.
Other potential triggers for impetigo include poor hygiene, unclean living conditions, and inadequate grooming practices. Additionally, contaminated objects, such as toys and bedding, can also spread the bacteria and increase the risk of infection.
Aside from these external factors, genetics may also play a role in the development of impetigo as certain dog breeds are genetically predisposed to skin conditions that can make them more susceptible to bacterial infections.
Common Dog Breeds Predisposed to Canine Impetigo:
There are several dog breeds that are commonly predisposed to canine impetigo due to their genetics, here are a few examples:
- English Springer Spaniels - This breed is known for their skin allergies and is prone to lip fold pyoderma, a bacterial infection that forms in the skin folds around their mouth.
- Bulldogs - Bulldogs are at high risk for facial fold pyoderma, as they have a lot of wrinkles on their face that can trap moisture and bacteria, leading to skin irritation.
- Boxers - Like Bulldogs, Boxers also have wrinkles on their face that can become moist, leading to the development of facial fold pyoderma.
- Shar-Peis - Shar-Peis have loose skin and many wrinkles, making them susceptible to skin infections, including impetigo.
- Pugs - Pugs are prone to facial fold pyoderma, too, due to the wrinkles around their nose and mouth, which can trap dirt and bacteria.
- Pekingese - This breed also has extensive facial wrinkles, which can become a breeding ground for bacterial infections.
It is essential to note that while certain breeds are more susceptible to canine impetigo, any dog can contract this condition. If you suspect your dog has impetigo, it is essential to seek veterinary care as soon as possible.
Symptoms of Impetigo in Dogs
Dogs affected with impetigo may experience a range of symptoms from mild to severe. Careful detection and awareness is key in minimizing the severity of canine impetigo.
1. Small, raised lesions - These can develop anywhere on the dog's skin, but they are most commonly found on the face, neck, and lower legs. The lesions tend to be small, red, and raised, and can sometimes be filled with pus.
2. Crusty skin - Over time, the lesions may develop a crusty appearance as they heal. This is because the dog's body tries to isolate the infection by forming a scab over the affected area. However, this scab can sometimes become infected with bacteria, leading to further complications.
3. Itching and excessive scratching - Dogs with impetigo may experience severe itching and scratching, which can cause the lesions to spread. This can also lead to a secondary skin infection, as the dog's scratching can introduce more bacteria to the area.
4. Hair loss - In severe cases, impetigo can cause hair loss around the affected area. This is because the infection can damage hair follicles, leading to the hair falling out. It can take several weeks or even months for hair to regrow in these areas.
5. Depression and weight loss - In rare cases where impetigo is left untreated, dogs may experience depression and weight loss. This is because the infection can cause a systemic immune reaction, leading to a decrease in appetite and energy levels.
It is important to note that the symptoms of canine impetigo can mimic those of other skin conditions, so always take your dog to the vet for a proper diagnosis.
Diagnosis of Canine Impetigo
To diagnose canine impetigo, a proper history and physical examination are essential to thoroughly evaluate the skin lesions. Once the skin lesions have been identified, skin cytology can be performed to evaluate for bacterial infection.
To further confirm the presence of bacterial infection and determine the appropriate antibiotic therapy, culture and sensitivity testing are recommended. This will identify the specific bacterial organism causing the infection and determine the most effective antibiotic for treatment.
How to Treat Impetigo in Dogs
The key to treating impetigo in dogs is to keep the affected area clean and dry. It is essential to avoid scratching or rubbing the affected area as this can lead to the spread of the infection and delay healing. The treatment plan for impetigo in dogs will depend on the severity of the condition.
In mild cases, where the infection is minimal and limited to a small area, the condition may clear up on its own within a few weeks. In such cases, your vet may recommend an anti-itch cream to alleviate irritation and a medicated shampoo wash to clear the infection.
However, if the infection is more severe, the veterinarian may prescribe oral or topical antibiotics. Oral antibiotics are usually administered in the form of injections or tablets, and topical antibiotics are in the form of an ointment or cream.
In addition to medical treatment, it is essential to maintain good hygiene practices and to keep your dog's surrounding environment clean. Regular grooming and bathing can, of course, help to prevent further complications.
Impetigo in dogs is a treatable condition, and with proper care and treatment, most cases will clear up without any long-term complications. If you suspect that your dog has impetigo, it is recommended to consult with your veterinarian for advice on the best course of treatment. And remember! Like in humans, it is crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by your vet to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
Preventative Measures
Preventative measures are key to avoiding the development and spread of canine impetigo. Firstly, it is important to maintain good hygiene practices. This includes regular bathing with an anti-bacterial or medicated shampoo, especially for dogs that are prone to skin infections.
Another preventative measure is to provide a healthy diet for dogs. A well-balanced diet will help support your dog's immune system, making them less susceptible to infections. Dogs with a compromised immune system are at a higher risk of developing impetigo; therefore, supplements such as probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids can also help improve their overall health.
Lastly, it is important to monitor your dog's overall health and seek medical attention if you notice any symptoms of impetigo. Early detection and treatment of the condition can prevent it from getting worse and spreading to other dogs.
Preventative measures for canine impetigo should aim to reduce the potential for infection by strengthening the immune system and maintaining good hygiene practices.
Final Thoughts
Understanding what impetigo is in dogs is a crucial part of successful pet ownership. Knowing the signs and recognizing the symptoms early on is key to proper diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Consequently, paying attention to any potential signs and visiting the vet promptly is key to helping prevent impetigo or other bacterial skin infections from getting worse.
Additionally, regularly inspecting and maintaining your dog's coat will also help protect against potential infection or irritation — so be sure to check your pup's skin frequently for changes and be mindful of anything unusual.
Prevention is better than cure! Adopting good hygiene practices will help reduce the number of bacteria present in the environment and the potential spread of staph infection from one dog to another. Taking the necessary precautions will ensure a happier, healthier life for your furry friend.
